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Alcoholic drinks have a destructive effect on the body and all processes occurring in it. Mental conditions that occur after prolonged abuse are often temporary, such as post-alcoholic depression.   

Alcoholism destroys a person physically and morally, personality degradation occurs. Very often, an alcoholic patient tries to cope with depression with the help of a well-known method – drinking a new dose of alcohol, as a result, the person finds himself in a vicious circle. In the case when this depression appears in a person who does not suffer from alcoholism, but who has consumed a large dose of alcohol, such depression is treated rather quickly.  
          
 

Symptoms of post-alcoholic depression

The main signs of post-alcoholic depression are:

•  The patient is depressed all the time ; 
•  He has a depressed mood; 
•  The patient is inactive;
•  Inhibition of cognitive functions occurs;
•  The person has decreased mental reactions; 
•  The patient feels guilty;
•  His instinct for self-preservation is dulled; 
•  Suicidal tendencies appear;
•  A person is not capable of experiencing pleasure in life, nothing pleases him;   
•  The patient does not see the meaning of life. 

Often, post-alcoholic depression is accompanied by acute manic-depressive psychosis, as well as other types of depression. Only a qualified specialist will be able to help a patient with post-alcoholic depression, therefore, if you see signs of this disorder, do not delay, consult a doctor.    

Treatment of post-alcoholic depression

The patient’s refusal to consume alcoholic beverages contributes to the most effective treatment of post-alcoholic depression. At the beginning of treatment, consultation with the patient’s relatives is necessary .   

Treatment of post-alcoholic depression is carried out with the help of pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy. The final stage of treatment is the social rehabilitation of the patient.  

Pharmacological treatment consists in the use of modern antidepressants, which relieve symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, and guilt. The patient’s mood and self-esteem improves, and the general condition improves. However, after drug withdrawal, many factors can trigger a relapse of alcohol dependence and associated depression.      

Treatment with drugs takes place in combination with psychotherapy: individual, group, and family. The main goal of psychotherapy is to form a correct attitude towards life, the patient learns to live and enjoy life without alcohol, and establishes new connections.        

Hypnotic psychotherapy is often used in the treatment of post-alcoholic depression. During hypnosis, the specialist instills an aversion to alcohol. 

Ancillary treatments for post-alcoholic depression include: 

•  Physiotherapy;
•  Manual therapy;
•  Acupuncture;

These methods help to improve and stabilize the state of the nervous system, overcome chronic fatigue and depression, improve overall physical condition, and also activate the body’s defenses.   

At present, many people are more likely to mention in themselves signs of anxious depression : depressed mood, feeling of anxiety, fear of the future and uncertainty.    

Anxiety depression occupies a special place among depressive disorders. According to research data, anxiety is felt by about 90% of all people with depression. Therefore, the treatment of anxious depression takes a special place in psychotherapeutic practice.     

Signs of anxiety depression

Anxious experiences entail a whole range of mental and physiological disorders in the body, among them:   

•  Sad, depressed mood;
•  Loss of interest in everyday activities, inability to enjoy your favorite activities;  
•  Feeling of anxiety, expressed anxiety; 
•  Sleep is disturbed, insomnia appears;
•  The person feels weakness, loss of energy;
•  He gets tired quickly, activity during the day is reduced;  
•  Difficulty in concentration
•  A person is fussy when performing any actions;
•  Concentration of attention is impaired;
•  Excitement is observed in movements and speech;  
•  Appetite is impaired;
•  The person is noticeably tense and worried; 
•  He is irritable; 
•  The appearance of a tremor;
•  Rapid pulse;
•  Dizziness;
•  The patient has thoughts of suicide;  
•  Decreased libido.

Also, this disorder is characterized by fears of the dark, of strangers, fear of loneliness, animals, crowds; Women consider themselves guilty, sinful, unlucky.

In the international classification of mental races – stroystv allocate separate mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. By its manifestations traditionally include suspense, a sense of threat, repetitive anxious thoughts, irritation – zhitelnost, difficulties with the bustling center , a sleep disorder, and autonomic nervous system. Very often, anxiety is combined with severe fatigue, loss of interests. Some researchers believe that anxiety is largely due to a person’s personality traits, and melancholy and apathy are biological in nature. This disorder (along with panic attacks and phobias ) is accompanied by depression in more than 40% of cases. Very often when depression – connects to agoraphobia (an obsessive fear of open spaces) and social phobia (obsessive fear of crowd).                

When anxiety and any symptoms of anxious depression appear, you need to contact a qualified specialist who will find out the causes of the disease and prescribe an effective treatment.   

Anxiety Depression Treatment

In the treatment of anxiety depression, such a method as cognitive-behavioral therapy is becoming especially effective . This method is based on the correct perception of the situation by the person in which he finds himself. This method is aimed at correcting the perception of the world, thinking and behavior.       

Anxiety depression therapy takes place in several stages: 

•  identifying negative thoughts that cause anxiety;
•  analysis of thoughts and their assessment by a specialist;  
•  their replacement with constructive ones;  
•  improving the quality of life, eliminating the factors that provoked depression.

With the arrival of autumn, a difficult time of the year begins for 17-20% of people. There is a depressed mood, a loss of interest in favorite activities, a breakdown.

This mood is a sign of autumn depression, a type of seasonal depressive disorder. Autumn depression often occurs in women aged 20-59, single people, residents of northern latitudes. During this period of time, the mood is influenced by a waning day, cloudy weather, precipitation. But one should not think that depression occurs only in autumn and is associated with the weather. Natural factors trigger depression, but seasonal depressive disorder has many molecular and genetic causes. There is a hereditary predisposition to depression, which consists in dysregulation of the stress axis – the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands. Imbalance of neurotransmitters – serotonin, dopamine, glutamate , gamma- amino oilacid leads to disruption of the processes of excitation-inhibition, neuroplasticity in the brain. And ultimately depression is the result.

Childhood trauma is also a cause of depression.

Autumn depression. Symptoms

The main signs of an autumn depression are as follows:

• long-term bad mood;
• yearning;
• fear ;
• anxiety;
• passivity;
• fatigue;

• insomnia;
• sudden mood swings.
• the appearance of thoughts of hopelessness, uselessness of existence;
• violation of concentration of attention;
• difficulties in making decisions;
• decreased memory;
• violation of appetite;
• decreased sex drive;
• inability to perform work and necessary affairs;
• overeating;
• the desire for loneliness;
• irritability.

If you find symptoms of autumn depression in yourself or your loved ones, then you need to contact a specialist, since depression can end with a suicide attempt. Remember autumn depression is not only a bad mood due to the weather, troubles, stress, but a disease that has biological causes. Autumn depression can be mild or severe, and the treatment and prevention of the disease, the choice of the form of therapy, prognosis and prospects depend on it. healing.

How to get rid of autumn depression

Autumn depression does not go away on its own and causes a lot of problems for a person and others. Lifestyle and nutritional changes can help reduce symptoms. Upot reblyayte to eat lots of fruits and vegetables, foods contributing to the production of serotonin – bananas, citrus fruits, dates. We must not forget about meat and dairy products that serve as a source of nonessential and irreplaceable amino acids that are part of neurotransmitters . Adding turmeric to your meals is effective in treating autumn depression. Natural chocolate is a remedy against depression. And grapefruit helps to alleviate symptoms of depression, improves mood and ability to work. It is necessary to replace tea or coffee with decoctions of thyme, mint, linden. The medicinal plant Kalanchoe helps to get rid of depression, as it affects the balance of serotonin, norepinephrine.

For depression, jogging, walking, playing sports, swimming in the pool, and a contrast shower are effective. If possible, you should spend time outdoors and in the sun. Lighting at home and at work needs to be intensified. In order to prevent insomnia, limit yourself to the use of computers, cell phones.

2 hours before bed, do not watch TV, do not use the Internet, and turn off your cell phone. Classical music, reading books on paper, communicating with nice people, contribute to a good mood. And humor and laughter reduce the production of stress hormones – adrenaline and cortisol. Autumn depression can go away when the reaction to certain negative events and stresses changes.

But, we repeat, the symptoms of autumn depression are still signs of the disease, so it is necessary to consult a specialist if a change in lifestyle and nutrition does not lead to an improvement in the condition.

Depression. Medication treatment

Treatment with pharmacological drugs is used for moderate to severe autumn depression. Before prescribing the drug, a thorough examination of all organs is carried out to select the minimum active dosage in order to avoid the toxic effect of the drug. Usually one drug is prescribed, which makes it easier to tolerate.

For the treatment of depression are used:

• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors;
• dual-acting antidepressants;
• monoamine oxidase inhibitors ;
• tricyclic, tetracyclic antidepressants;
• antipsychotics;
• normotimics ;
• antihypoxants .

Depression. Psychotherapy treatment

Psychotherapy is an indispensable element of fall depression therapy. It allows you to reduce the duration of drug treatment, to acquire the skills of self-control over emotions, behavior, reactions. The following types of psychotherapy are used to treat depression:

• cognitive -behavioral, based on the analysis of human behavior, the formation of skills to assess the situation, the acquisition of the ability to self-control, emotion management;
• existential, allowing you to understand the life meaning of a depressive state, build a new attitude to your own problems;
• interpersonal – the basis of which is work with the state of “here and now,” which makes it possible to build a constructive model of communication with people, to acquire skills in problem solving.

Depression Non-drug treatment.

The drug-free treatment of depression has several advantages over pharmacotherapy in that it simulates the natural physical mechanisms that promote recovery. These treatments are:

• transcranial magnetic stimulation is the effect of a magnetic field on the brain in order to activate or suppress neurons involved in the development of depression;
• biofeedback – contributes to the acquisition of self-regulation skills and control of their reactions;
• phototherapy in blue and near infrared – regulates the cycles of sleep and wakefulness;
• intravenous laser irradiation – increases sensitivity to drugs, has a beneficial effect on the blood;
• focused ultrasound – activates neurons, and promotes the penetration of the drug into the brain.

Autumn depression is a condition that can be corrected and treated. Just pay attention to your bad mood, do not think that it will go away by itself when the situation changes, it can be a manifestation of seasonal depressive disorder and require specialist intervention.

Depression can occur at any stage of development of schizophrenia: precede the manifestation of attack, complicating early diagnosis, included in a complex structure psychosis attack syndrome appear as relief of psychosis in the step of forming remission
after the first psychotic episode undoubtedly in the pathogenesis of the disease are, in addition to endogenous, and reactive- personal mechanisms. And in this case, active
psychological support of the patient is especially necessary (psychotherapy, psychosocial therapy), whose “targets” are individual personality traits – coping , psychological defense, perfectionism , and self-stigmatization .
The study was conducted on the basis of the department of the first episode of psychosis (PPE) of the Orenburg Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1. We examined 238 patients with schizophrenia with a disease duration of no more than 5 years, having no more than 3 attacks at the stage of recovery from psychosis. Taking into account the presence or absence of postpsychotic depression, patients were divided into PPD groups (presence of depression) – 118 patients and OD (no depression) – 120 patients. Depressive status, objectified, in addition to the clinical method, the Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) – 6 points or more.
The clinical and psychopathological method is supplemented by the symptomatic questionnaire SCL-90-R, which is filled in by the patient. Patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years, with a history of more than 3 psychotic attacks, with a malignant course of schizophrenia, with somatoneurological pathology, accompanied by severe dysfunction of the affected
system, concomitant alcohol and / or drug addiction were excluded from the study .
To study individual personality traits, the methods of diagnostics of perfectionism by Garanyan- Kholmogorova, coping of SVF and E. Heim , self – stigmatization – SS (Yastrebov et al., 2004), psychological defense – Kellerman-Plutchik were used . The indicators of the Calgary scale of the PPD group (7.63 + 1.59) significantly exceed the data for the OD group (1.73 + 1.67), and a more pronounced subjective experience of distress in patients with depression was also established . In the syndromic profile, according to the SCL-90-R results, the leading in patients with depression are anxiety-depressive disorders with interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive thoughts, primarily in relation to the return of the psychotic state, or in relation to the immediate future after discharge from the clinic. The anxiety-depressive status of patients can be explained by the “reactive” component of experiences, which determines the acquisition of criticality to the past psychosis, along with preserved evaluative resources of the personality at the early stage of schizophrenia. The indices of perfectionism in the PPD group for all the studied factors of the questionnaire significantly exceed those in patients without depression, which reflects the significance of this personality trait for the development of postpsychotic depression. Self-stigmatization is significantly expressed in the PPD group (a general indicator. Among the forms of SS in the PPD group, the leading is socioreversive (40.69 + 21.94), then autopsychic and compensatory. In the OA group, the leading form of SS is also socioreversive , but, unlike the group PPD is followed by, almost in equal severity, compensatory (25.34 + 14.3) and autopsychic forms of SS. These data indicate a greater severity of experiences in relation to the consequences of the disease in patients with PPD. In the structure of psychological defense, the indicators in the group are significantly higher PPD (in descending order of severity) by regression, reactive formations, displacement, replacement, projection In the OA group, the leading in the profile and reliably exceeding in the PPD group, the denial indicator The data on the coping structure are somewhat contradictory . maladaptive coping in the behavioral sphere in the group of patients with depression, which may reflect, on the one hand, the safety ь adaptive behavioral potential, on the other hand, some ambitiousness of the behavioral sphere, defining the “targets” of psychotherapy. On the contrary, in the cognitive and emotional spheres in patients with PPD, the maladaptive orientation of coping is more pronounced . Coping structure is determined by the relationship with the depressive status using self-blame, humility, confusion, submissiveness, suppression of emotions, avoidance tendencies, social encapsulation, mental stuck – maladaptive options, and compensation, substitutionary satisfaction, self-compassion — a relatively adaptive option. At the same time, according to SVF data, in the coping structure of patients with PPD, the need for social support is urgent, the search for alternative self-affirmation is resource coping . The study shows, along with the predominant maladaptive orientation of individual personality traits of patients with postpsychotic depression in the first episode of schizophrenia, in contrast to patients without depression, the presence of an adaptive personal resource in depressed patients, primarily in the coping structure. This indicates the need for active psychotherapeutic support of patients with postpsychotic depression with an emphasis in short-term treatment and rehabilitation programs on cognitive- behavioral methods. The preferential use of cognitive -povedencheskoy therapy at the Division of first psychotic episode Orenburg already shown to be effective as a therapy in the short and in the long catamnesis (up to 10 years).

From modern positions, depression is considered as an unfavorable factor in the course of schizophrenia. To a large extent, this is determined by an increased risk of suicide and a deterioration in therapeutic sensitivity. But the question of the influence of depression on the course of the schizophrenic process remains open. In studying this problem, a modern approach is relevant, involving the consideration of schizophrenia and affective disorder from the standpoint of brain degeneration. From this point of view, it is of interest to analyze the level of BDNF, which can act as a marker of this process. BDNF promotes the growth and development of immature neurons, improves adult neuron survival and function, and helps maintain synapse connections. Experimental studies have shown the relationship of BDNF with the main transmitters involved in the development of mental pathology.

Studies of neurotrophic factors, in particular BDNF, were of particular interest and led to the formation of the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression. There is now much less research and more conflicting results regarding the relationship between BDNF levels and schizophrenia. Most of the research is focused on studying the relationship of BDNF with ongoing therapy. In the study of psychiatrists from the Institute. V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis included 25 inpatients. All patients met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (F20) and were hospitalized for exacerbated mental illness. The study did not include patients with organic brain disease (severe trauma, history of stroke, etc.), as well as with severe somatic pathology in the acute stage. Patients were examined twice, at admission and after 4-6 weeks of therapy. The survey was comprehensive and included clinical psychopathological, laboratory and psychometric methods. In schizophrenic patients, the Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The BDNF level was measured using the Rand Dsystems EL ISAs test system (R&D systems , USA) based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood sampling to determine the level of cortisol was carried out strictly in the morning. The quantitative determination of the concentration of cortisol in the serum of patients was carried out on an automatic immunochemical analyzer Access-2 (manufactured by Beckman Coulter , USA) using chemiluminescence immunoassay using paramagnetic particles. On the basis of the CDSS scale, two samples were made – 15 patients at the time of the first examination had depressive symptoms in the structure of a schizophrenic attack and 10 patients without signs of depression. The groups were comparable in age. The BDNF level in patients with depressive symptoms is significantly lower than in patients without depression. In turn, the level of cortisol in depressed patients is significantly higher. The obtained data on a significant decrease in the level of BDNF in the serum in the presence of depression in patients with schizophrenia indicates the severity of neurodegenerative processes in this category of patients. This may be due to the neurotoxic effects of cortisol.

Depression is an increasingly commonly diagnosed mental disorder. Suffer from depression are not only adults, but and children (in the past, according to the modern classification of diseases, it is called a depressive disorder or conduct as cyclothymia). And depression really is not just a “bad mood” or a reaction to life difficulties (although it can be provoked by them) – it is a disease that has clearly defined criteria and requires complex treatment.               

Previously, it was believed that a pronounced manifestation of two of the triad of signs was sufficient to define a depressive disorder : 

1. decreased mood,
2. motor retardation, 
3. mental retardation.

The described triad is a classic depressive symptom complex : a depressed person has a persistently low mood background, his movements are slowed down, and mental activity is lower than usual.  

However, from a modern point of view, depression is a much broader concept. In modern classifiers, the criteria for diagnosing depression stand out much more, and they include both psychiatric itself and neurological, therapeutic, psychological symptoms.   

The division into endogenous and exogenous depression, which once existed in domestic practice, is not so popular today , since the definition of endogenous depression is very contradictory. The essence of such a division lies in the name itself: “endogenous” means “internal”, originating “from within”. That is, the development of endogenous depression is based not on external causes (for example, very severe stress), but on some internal ones. Sometimes, this concept can be used to describe a depressive symptom complex , with its inherent decreased mood, tolerance to environmental stimuli, daily mood swings, sleep disorders and early involuntary awakenings, severe inhibition. Sometimes signs of endogenous depression are complaints of bodily malaise: most often these are chest pains that have a completely precise localization. It is in view of the last moment, of the listed symptoms, that people suffering from depressive disorders, most often, first of all, come to general practitioners for help . Is it worth it to say that the prescribed symptomatic treatment in this case does not bring the expected relief at all …                             

Exogenous depression is a disorder caused by circumstances or events in the external environment. Not whether the external stimulus of the disorder could be and not happen. However, sometimes it develops so that, having arisen initially as exogenous, depression receives its further development regardless of external causes, becoming already an endogenous state. And depression, which meets the criteria of endogeneity , develops against the background of external stress factors (after all, few modern people are completely free from stressful experiences and various shocks).            

Thus, exogenous and endogenous depression is an attempt to classify this group of disorders according to their genesis (origin, nature of causes). In addition, according to the classifier, depressions are subdivided according to their severity into mild ( subdepression ), moderate (moderate) and severe.         

One way or another, regardless of the cause that served as the source of the development of depression, at the slightest suspicion of its development , you should seek specialized professional help. It is better if it is a psychiatrist – a specialist who is able to accurately determine the correct diagnosis and, if necessary, prescribe an effective treatment. Remember: depression is a deadly disease. It is she who is the cause of 70% of suicides committed in the world.        

Depression is one of those disorders that have recently become more common in the practice of psychiatrists around the world.     

The fast pace of life, the lack of a normal alternation of work and rest, psycho-emotional stress and much more are some of the reasons provoking the growth of this disease. This is especially true for residents of large cities.   

In addition, this diagnosis is also “popular” at the present time. This fact causes a large number of speculations among pseudo-healers (representatives of alternative medicine, psychics, etc.), and just people who are ready to give various kinds of recommendations, but are very far from medicine.       

This is a very harmful tendency, since many are captivated by delusions that it is enough to normalize their daily routine, do something that gives pleasure, just relax and sit in silence, as the disease itself will recede.    

K Unfortunately, this is not so.  

Depression is an affective disorder prone to progression, affecting not only the emotional, but also the physical condition of a person. In addition, it is also deadly: about 70 % of people suffering from depression have thought or tried / sometimes successfully / attempted suicide. According to WHO forecasts, by 2030 this particular disease may break records and become the main cause of death in the world, giving way to the prevailing cardiovascular and diseases and oncology today .               

That is why the question of how to get out of depression has the only unequivocally correct answer: see a doctor.   

This disorder is treated by doctors – psychiatrists or psychotherapists. But you need to understand that in domestic medical practice, only a specialist with a higher medical education can be a real psychotherapist. Beware of offers from “just psychotherapists”, people who have completed additional courses in any psychotherapeutic area after receiving any higher education (even psychological) .        

The bottom line is that high-quality treatment of depression often requires a combination of psychotherapeutic assistance with the use of pharmacology (antidepressants), and only a doctor with special knowledge can choose the right drug, its dosage.   

It is also almost impossible to get out of depression on your own (just as it is impossible to get out of tuberculosis on your own , for example, or appendicitis).   

The main signs that should make you pay attention are: 

• yearning,
• reduced mood background,
• despondency,
• unwillingness to communicate,
• melancholy,
• decreased efficiency at work, 
• anhedonia (inability to enjoy the things that gave him before),  
• decreased libido (sex drive),
• indifference, vision of life (present, past and future) in black.  

It often happens that being in a depressed state, the person himself is unable to see a doctor. And here his relatives and close people must certainly help him: to persuade, to invite a specialist at home, to start a course of treatment with all his might.     

In the event that there are / even once / statements about the death , or attempts (preparation) for this – inpatient medical care must be provided immediately!       

There are situations when the salvation of our family and friends depends on an attentive attitude to their condition. Depression is where procrastination can really cost your life. At the same time, this disease is quite treatable, you can get out of depression, you just need to be in time.       

At the present time, when the pace of life, especially in big cities, is that there is practically no possibility to stop and make a break, doctors are increasingly faced with the phenomenon of the so-called chronic fatigue.     

Its main symptom, which in turn is one of the signs of depression, is a feeling of loss of energy and high fatigue. But, unlike depression, which is included in the group of affective disorders, it is affect (that is, emotions) that suffer less in chronic fatigue syndrome. On foreground muscle weakness, constantly feel tired, not passing without even looking at the long sleep and rest.                   

Chronic fatigue syndrome, in contrast to depressive disorders, was described for the first time relatively recently. He is diagnosed in mainly from residents of large cities.     

In domestic medical practice, CFS was described for the first time in 1991 , at the same time the researchers identified several groups of the population, especially susceptible to this condition. These include the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and the residents of contaminated areas, patients after surgery (most often – cancer after chemo – and radiation therapy), people with chronic inflammatory diseases. And the last category includes people with high material wealth, more often they are businessmen forced to work a lot, in whose life there are a lot of emotional stress and little physical activity.             

In world practice, viral infections (herpes simplex, Epstein-Bar), immune disorders are considered hypothetical reasons for the development of chronic fatigue syndrome, and some experts tend to believe that this is one of the forms of depression with an atypical course.      

Both diagnosis and treatment of CFS are very difficult. So, first of all, during the examination, you will need to differentiate it from other diseases with similar symptoms. A treatment called the most diverse, since it does not to completely clear the causes of this condition. In mainly high-calorie diet is recommended, orderly daily routine to always to sleep hygiene, vitamins and restorative physio -Procedures. In general, the treatment of this ailment most often comes from work with the most pronounced symptoms. Such symptomatic treatment is able to “extinguish” the most alarming and difficult manifestations, but, unfortunately, it is not able to work with the cause.                  

Thus, the question of the relationship between CFS and depression remains unclear . Some sources note that depression can often accompany this phenomenon, and therefore consider it necessary to use antidepressants. However, there is still no conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of antidepressant use in suspected CFS.        

In any case, remember that normally a healthy person needs 6 to 8 hours of sleep per day to fully recuperate. And after even a short vacation, we should feel refreshed. If this is not the case, if you constantly feel tired for a long time , consult a doctor.               

Certain adrenal hormones are released in response to stress. They reduce the proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitor cells in the adult hippocaptus . Many corticosteroids reduce the formation of granular nerve cells by inhibiting stem cell division.

NMDA receptors are involved in the realization of the effects of corticosteroids, their blockade prevents the negative effects of corticosteroids. Any violation of neurogenesis develops depression. The hippocampus and prefrontal area may atrophy in depressed patients. When treated with fluoxetine, an antidepressant, the content of new cells in the dentate gyrus increases, and inhibition of serotonin synthesis leads to a decrease in the processes of neurogenesis in the hippocampus .

The microstructure of the hippocampus changes with irradiation, which also leads to an increase in the functioning of microglia and changes in vascularization .

In the treatment of depression , intermittent transcranial theta stimulation is used for one to three minutes as an additional method of treatment in patients with this disease.  

Some studies have shown that blocking the dopamine D2 receptor alters the therapeutic effect of intermittent theta stimulation.  

An analysis of the case histories of 105 patients with depression, resistant to drug treatment, showed that dorsolateral prefrontal intermittent theta stimulation had a positive result with additional intake of drugs from the antipsychotic group.